History 1: American
-
Lesson 1: Orientation10 Steps
-
1.1—Introduction & Note-taking (16 min video)
-
1.1—Read Table of Contents
-
1.2—Why School? Why the Humanities? (8 min video)
-
1.2—Read J.R.R Tolkien Quote
-
1.3—Why History? (10 min video)
-
1.3—Read Psalm 78
-
1.4—Good Quotes & Our Roadmap (11 min video)
-
1.4—Read Quotes & Write Essay
-
1.5—Readings, Assignments, Exams, Portfolios, & Projects (8 min video)
-
1.6–Start Portfolio (10 min video)
-
1.1—Introduction & Note-taking (16 min video)
-
Lesson 2: The Banner of the Sun (Meso-America)13 Steps
-
2.1—The Principle (14 min video)
-
2.1—Read Genesis 4 & 5
-
2.2—The Olmec & Maya (15 min video)
-
2.2—Read the Popul Vuh
-
2.3—The Aztec (12 min video)
-
2.3—Read Conquest of New Spain
-
2.4—The Inca (8 min video)
-
2.4—Read Incan Myths
-
2.5—The Spanish Conquest (8 min video)
-
2.5—Lesson 2 Portfolio
-
2.5—Lesson 2 Exam
-
2.6—Project 1: Colonial Map of the Americas (7 min video)
-
2.6—Choose Map & Begin Research
-
2.1—The Principle (14 min video)
-
Lesson 3: Brave New World (The Early Explorers)11 Steps
-
3.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
3.1—Read Columbus' Dedication
-
3.2—The Myths & Legends (15 min video)
-
3.2—Read the Legend of Madoc of Wales
-
3.3—The Evidences (8 min video)
-
3.3—Read the Accounts of Vineland
-
3.4—Christopher Columbus, Part 1 (10 min video)
-
3.4—Read The Book of Prophecies
-
3.5—Christopher Columbus, Part 2 (9 min video)
-
3.5—Lesson 3 Portfolio
-
3.5—Lesson 3 Exam
-
3.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
Lesson 4: The Colossus of Empire (The Colonies)11 Steps
-
4.1—The Principle (10 min video)
-
4.1—Progressive Map of European Colonies
-
4.2—Navigational Instruments (12 min video)
-
4.2—Sketch Marine Chronometer
-
4.3—The Portuguese Colonies (12 min video)
-
4.3—Read Vespucci's Voyage Account
-
4.4—The Spanish Colonies (13 min video)
-
4.4—Read de Soto Letter
-
4.5—The French Colonies & the Missions (6 min video)
-
4.5—Lesson 4 Portfolio
-
4.5—Lesson 4 Exam
-
4.1—The Principle (10 min video)
-
Lesson 5: Stability & Change (The Reformational Colonies)11 Steps
-
5.1—The Principle (10 min video)
-
5.1—Read Kuyper Quote
-
5.2—The Huguenot & Dutch Reformed Colonies (12 min video)
-
5.2—Create Map of New Amsterdam
-
5.3—The First English Attempts: Cabot, Drake, & Roanoke (10 min video)
-
5.3—Read Mayflower Compact
-
5.4—The English Colonies of Jamestown & Plymouth (14 min video)
-
5.4—Read Five Kernals of Corn
-
5.5—The English Colonies of Maryland & Georgia (7 min video)
-
5.5—Lesson 5 Portfolio
-
5.5—Lesson 5 Exam
-
5.1—The Principle (10 min video)
-
Lesson 6: A City Upon A Hill (The Puritans)12 Steps
-
6.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
6.1—Read A Model of Charity
-
6.2—What is a Puritan? (14 min video)
-
6.2—Read Signs of Living to Please God
-
6.3—Five Puritan Values (12 min video)
-
6.3—Read A Father's Resolutions
-
6.4—Puritan Heroes: Winthrop, the Bradstreets, & Eliot (13 min video)
-
6.4—Read Anne Bradstreet Poems
-
6.5—Cotton Mather (14 min video)
-
6.5—Lesson 6 Portfolio
-
6.5—Lesson 6 Exam
-
6.6—Map Project Finished
-
6.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
Lesson 7: A Foreign War at Home (Wars of Control)11 Steps
-
7.1—The Principle (8 min video)
-
7.1—Read Chapter 1 of "The Last of the Mohicans"
-
7.2—The Back Story (7 min video)
-
7.2—Read William Camden
-
7.3—Wars (13 min video)
-
7.3—Read "The Battle of La Prairie"
-
7.4—And More Wars (12 min video)
-
7.4—Read "Ticonderoga"
-
7.5—Quebec and the American Experience (8 min video)
-
7.5—Lesson 7 Portfolio
-
7.5—Lesson 7 Exam
-
7.1—The Principle (8 min video)
-
Lesson 8: Grace, the Founder of Liberty (The Great Awakening)14 Steps
-
8.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
8.1—Read Revelation 21
-
8.2—Sleeping Dead Man (11 min video)
-
8.2—Research William Hogarth
-
8.3—The Awakeners: Freylinghuysen, Tennent, and Edwards (15 min video)
-
8.3—Read Jonathan Edwards
-
8.3—Extra Credit "Sinners in the Hands..."
-
8.4—George Whitefield, Part I (16 min video)
-
8.4—Read Whitefield Sermon
-
8.5—George Whitefield, Part 2 (7 min video)
-
8.5—Lesson 8 Portfolio
-
8.5—Lesson 8 Exam
-
8.6—Project 2: Costumed Speech (7 min video)
-
8.6—Choose Speaker & Speech for Costumed Speech Project
-
8.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
Lesson 9: Fathers of Independence (Adams, Franklin, Witherspoon, & Henry)11 Steps
-
9.1—The Principle (10 min video)
-
9.1—Read Rights of the Colonists
-
9.2—Samuel Adams (15 min video)
-
9.2—Read Divine Source of Liberty
-
9.3—Benjamin Franklin (12 min video)
-
9.3—Recreate an Invention of Benjamin Franklin
-
9.4—John Witherspoon (8 min video)
-
9.4—Read John Witherspoon
-
9.5–Patrick Henry (11 min video)
-
9.5—Lesson 9 Portfolio
-
9.5—Lesson 9 Exam
-
9.1—The Principle (10 min video)
-
Lesson 10: Liberty or Death (The Declaration of Independence)11 Steps
-
10.1—The Principle (14 min video)
-
10.1—Read Liberty or Death
-
10.2—Narrative of Dates 1 (12 min video)
-
10.2—Read Benjamin Franklin
-
10.3—Narrative of Dates 2 (14 min video)
-
10.3—Read Paul Revere's Ride
-
10.4—Narrative of Dates 3 (12 min video)
-
10.4—Read the Declaration of Independence
-
10.5—The Declaration of Independence (11 min video)
-
10.5—Lesson 10 Portfolio
-
10.5—Lesson 10 Exam
-
10.1—The Principle (14 min video)
-
Lesson 11: Awesome Providence (The War of Independence 1)11 Steps
-
11.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
11.1—Read Scripture
-
11.2—The Black Regiment (12 min video)
-
11.2—Read Sermon Given Before Battle of Kings Mountain
-
11.3—A Tale of Two Armies (14 min video)
-
11.3—Read George Washington Letter
-
11.4—1776, Part 1 (9 min video)
-
11.4—Read David Ramsay Selection
-
11.5—1776, Part 2 (8 min video)
-
11.5—Lesson 11 Portfolio
-
11.5—Lesson 11 Exam
-
11.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
Lesson 12: Awesome Providence (The War of Independence 2)11 Steps
-
12.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
12.1—Read "Nathan Hale"
-
12.2—Saratoga (11 min video)
-
12.2—Read "Bennington"
-
12.3—Valley Forge & Benedict Arnold (11 min video)
-
12.3—Read "Valley Forge"
-
12.4—Nathaniel Greene, George Rogers Clark, & Yorktown (11 min video)
-
12.4—Read "The Vow of Washington"
-
12.5—Forgotten Founders (8 min video)
-
12.5—Lesson 12 Portfolio
-
12.5—Lesson 12 Exam
-
12.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
Lesson 13: A More Perfect Union (The Constitution)12 Steps
-
13.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
13.1—Read the Articles of Confederation
-
13.2—Precedents & Problems (14 min video)
-
13.2—Read Article l of the Constitution
-
13.3—Parties & Articles (9 min video)
-
13.3—Read Articles ll-Vll of the Constitution
-
13.4—Convention & Constitution (11 min video)
-
13.4—Read The Bill of Rights
-
13.5—Rights & Ratification (5 min video)
-
13.5—Lesson 13 Portfolio
-
13.5—Lesson 13 Exam
-
13.6—Give Costumed Speech
-
13.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
Lesson 14: Federal Headship (George Washington)11 Steps
-
14.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
14.1—Read The Vow of Washington
-
14.2—American Joshua (13 min video)
-
14.2—Read Selection by George Washington
-
14.3—American Cincinnatus (14 min video)
-
14.3—Read Washington's First Inaugural Address
-
14.4—Washington’s Lieutenants (10 min video)
-
14.4—Read Washington's Farewell Address
-
14.5—Federal Headship (8 min video)
-
14.5—Lesson 14 Portfolio
-
14.5—Lesson 14 Exam
-
14.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
Lesson 15: How Good & Pleasant It Is (Adams & Jefferson)14 Steps
-
15.1—The Principle (6 min video)
-
15.1—Read Daniel Webster
-
15.2—John Adams (13 min video)
-
15.2—Read Abigail Adams
-
15.2—Extra Credit: Read John Adams
-
15.3—Thomas Jefferson (14 min video)
-
15.3—Sketch Monticello
-
15.4—The Presidencies (14 min video)
-
15.4—Read "Letter to President Thomas Jefferson"
-
15.5—The Reconciliation (5 min video)
-
15.5—Lesson 15 Portfolio
-
15.5—Lesson 15 Exam
-
15.6—Project 3: Research and Thesis Paper (12 min video)
-
15.6—Choose Thesis Paper Topic & Begin Research
-
15.1—The Principle (6 min video)
-
Lesson 16: Manifest Destiny (Settlers, Explorers, & War)11 Steps
-
16.1—The Principle (14 min video)
-
16.1—Read deTocqueville
-
16.2—Settlers (13 min video)
-
16.2—Read The Winning of the West
-
16.3—Explorers (13 min video)
-
16.3—Sketch Lewis Journal Entry
-
16.4—The War of 1812, Part 1 (12 min video)
-
16.4—Read The Cruise of the Wasp
-
16.5—The War of 1812, Part 2 (8 min video)
-
16.5—Lesson 16 Portfolio
-
16.5—Lesson 16 Exam
-
16.1—The Principle (14 min video)
-
Lesson 17: Word & Deed (John Quincy Adams & Andrew Jackson)12 Steps
-
17.1—The Principle (7 min video)
-
17.1—Read Scripture
-
17.2—John Quincy Adams (14 min video)
-
17.2—Read John Quincy Adams
-
17.3—Andrew Jackson, Part 1 (14 min video)
-
17.3—Read Jackson's National Bank Veto Speech
-
17.4—Andrew Jackson, Part 2 (7 min video)
-
17.4—Read the Appeal of the Cherokee Nation
-
17.5—The Trail of Tears (5 min video)
-
17.5—Lesson 17 Portfolio
-
17.5—Lesson 17 Exam
-
17.6—Thesis Outline Finished
-
17.1—The Principle (7 min video)
-
Lesson 18: The Original United Nations (Expansion of the Early U.S.)11 Steps
-
18.1—The Principle (8 min video)
-
18.1—Read Democracy in America Selection
-
18.2—Land (11 min video)
-
18.2—Read William Gilpin Quote
-
18.3—Technology, Communication, & Transportation (16 min video)
-
18.3—Read Erie Canal Journal Entries
-
18.4—Texas & The Mexican War (14 min video)
-
18.4—Read The Defense of the Alamo
-
18.5—Oregon, California, & The 11 Nations (9 min video)
-
18.5—Lesson 18 Portfolio
-
18.5—Lesson 18 Exam
-
18.1—The Principle (8 min video)
-
Lesson 19: Idols of Mercy (Revivals, Counterfeits, & Art)12 Steps
-
19.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
19.1—Read de Tocqueville Selection
-
19.2—The Digression of Ideas (14 min video)
-
19.2—Read Democracy in America Selection
-
19.3—Revivals & Revivalism (14 min video)
-
19.3—Read Nettleton Sermon
-
19.4—Heresies & Cults (10 min video)
-
19.4—Read "Self-Reliance" Selection
-
19.5—Art & Literature (12 min video)
-
19.5—Lesson 19 Portfolio
-
19.5—Lesson 19 Exam
-
19.6—Thesis Paper Finished
-
19.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
Lesson 20: A House Divided 1 (The Age of Compromise & Divided Cultures)11 Steps
-
20.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
20.1—Read "A House Divided"
-
20.2—The Missouri Compromise & Regional Distinctions (15 min video)
-
20.2—Read John C. Calhoun Selection
-
20.3—American Slavery (12 min video)
-
20.3—Read Slave Narratives
-
20.4—American Abolition (8 min video)
-
20.4—Read "On the Death of John Brown"
-
20.5—American Secessions (4 min video)
-
20.5—Lesson 20 Portfolio
-
20.5—Lesson 20 Exam
-
20.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
Lesson 21: A House Divided 2 (Abraham Lincoln & Secession)13 Steps
-
21.1—The Unifiers (16 min video)
-
21.1—Read John C. Calhoun Selection
-
21.2—The 1850s (14 min video)
-
21.2—Read The Fugitive Slave Act
-
21.3—Abraham Lincoln: His Early Life (13 min video)
-
21.3—Read Abraham Lincoln Letter
-
21.4—Abraham Lincoln: His Political Worldview and the Election of 1860 (15 min video)
-
21.4—Read Lincoln's First Inaugural Address
-
21.5—Abraham Lincoln: His Faith (7 min video)
-
21.5—Lesson 21 Portfolio
-
21.5—Lesson 21 Exam
-
21.6—Project 4: The Hour Project (8 min video)
-
21.6—Choose “Hour Project” Goal
-
21.1—The Unifiers (16 min video)
-
Lesson 22: The Second War for Independence (The War Between the States 1)11 Steps
-
22.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
22.1—Read Jefferson Davis' Inaugural Address
-
22.2—Overview & Fort Sumter (15 min video)
-
22.2—Read "How Men Die in Battle"
-
22.3—The Union Army (11 min video)
-
22.3—Read General McClellan Letter
-
22.4—The Confederate Army (10 min video)
-
22.4—Read Robert E. Lee Letters
-
22.5—The First Battle of Bull Run (6 min video)
-
22.5—Lesson 22 Portfolio
-
22.5—Lesson 22 Exam
-
22.1—The Principle (9 min video)
-
Lesson 23: Brother Against Brother (The War Between the States 2)11 Steps
-
23.1—The Principle (14 min video)
-
23.1—Read "Music in the Camp"
-
23.2—The Shades of Blue and Grey: Anaconda to Shenandoah (16 min video)
-
23.2—Read Poems About Stonewall Jackson
-
23.3—Antietam to Gettysburg (14 min video)
-
23.3—Read Abraham Lincoln
-
23.4—Forrest to Atlanta (10 min video)
-
23.4—Read General Sherman Letter
-
23.5—Appomattox to the End (5 min video)
-
23.5—Read Sherman Letter to General Halleck
-
23.5—Lesson 23 Portfolio
-
23.1—The Principle (14 min video)
-
Lesson 24: The Lost Cause (Reconstruction)11 Steps
-
24.1—The Principle (11 min video)
-
24.1—Read "Lee in the Mountains"
-
24.2—Reconciliation, Assassination, & Johnson (11 min video)
-
24.2—Read "O Captain, My Captain"
-
24.3—Black Codes & Amendments (12 min video)
-
24.3—Read Thaddeus Stevens Speech
-
24.4—Reconstruction Act to President Grant (15 min video)
-
24.4—Read Constitutional Amendments & Hill Speech
-
24.5—The End of Reconstruction (7 min video)
-
24.5—Lesson 24 Portfolio
-
24.5—Lesson 24 Exam
-
24.1—The Principle (11 min video)
-
Lesson 25: A New Normal (The West, Immigration, & Robber Barons)11 Steps
-
25.1—The Principle (11 min video)
-
25.1—Read Introduction to Christianity and Liberalism
-
25.2—Passive Leaders & Powerful Ideas (17 min video)
-
25.2—Read Christianity and the Social Crisis
-
25.3—The Wild, Wild West (13 min video)
-
25.3—Read The Frontier in American History
-
25.4—Immigrants, Cities, & Railroads (17 min video)
-
25.4—Read The Road to Business Success
-
25.5—Steel & Oil (6 min video)
-
25.5—Lesson 25 Portfolio
-
25.5—Lesson 25 Exam
-
25.1—The Principle (11 min video)
-
Lesson 26: Theology As Biography (Theodore Roosevelt & Booker T. Washington)12 Steps
-
26.1—The Principle (12 min video)
-
26.1—Read The Struggle for an Education
-
26.2—TR: From His Early Life to His Return (14 min video)
-
26.2—Read Character and Success
-
26.3—TR: From the Rough Riders to the Amazon (16 min video)
-
26.3—Read The Man With the Muck Rake
-
26.4—Booker T: His Early Life to Hampton Roads (11 min video)
-
26.4—Read Atlanta Exposition Address
-
26.5—Booker T: The Tuskegee Institute & Lost Causes (6 min video)
-
26.5—Lesson 26 Essay
-
26.5—Lesson 26 Portfolio
-
26.6—Hour Project Finished
-
26.1—The Principle (12 min video)
3.3—The Evidences (8 min video)
Transcript
The following transcript was automatically generated and may contain errors in spelling and/or grammar. It is provided for assistance in note-taking and review.
Welcome back. We looked yesterday at the various myths about the various explorers who might have actually made it over here to this area of the Americas prior to Columbus.
And today, we’re going to take a look at the evidences that actually support that these people might have actually been here, or that somebody left their footprint, so to speak, in this region of the world.
Now, the first one’s very curious. was actually discovered in the last century in West Virginia in a place called Wyoming County. And it’s a carving that’s on a rock, which may not sound all that interesting, but what’s interesting about this carving is it’s written in ancient Irish language. And not only that, but the carving has a special notch that has been carved out of it. And let me read to you what the actual translation of this says. This is what translated in English the carving actually says. At the time of sunrise, a ray grazes the notch on the left side on Christmas Day, a feast day at the church, the first season of the Christian year, the season of the blessed advent of the Savior Lord Christ, Salvatores Domini Christi, behold, he is born of Mary, a woman.
In other words, it’s a special carving written in this ancient Irish dialect, which they’ve dated back to the sixth century, around the time of Brendan, and it’s written in a dialect no one really speaks anymore and the light comes through and that knot was created in such a way that it creates this starburst and only on Christmas day.
So whoever carved this only knew that language and carved it a long time ago, but whoever carved this also had an incredible knowledge of astronomy, which is something you need to navigate here in the first place.
We also have other curious evidences that we found that we don’t exactly have ready explanations for. Both of these are actually from Tennessee. The first one is there’s another carving. It’s a place called Back Creek, Tennessee. They found written in Hebrew something called a comet for the Jews, which refers back to the star given to the magi to guide them over to Bethlehem when Christ was first born.
If that’s not enough, a mysterious Roman coin, along with some scraps of leather, was found at the Elk River in southern Tennessee several years back.
And they’ve dated this coin. and they think it was probably made somewhere in Britannia, when Rome still ruled over that part of the world, and that it was brought over here sometime around maybe the fifth or sixth century BC, sometime roughly around the time of Brendan.
And so we have these interesting evidences that suggest that perhaps the Irish were actually here when all the stories say that they were here.
In terms of Madoch of Wales, who is a very curious character himself, we talked about his story, how he fled from so many of his brothers wanted to actually pursue the gospel of grace and cross the open seas to do so.
Manic of Wales is interesting as well because throughout the southeast in places like Georgia, in places like Tennessee, in places like Alabama, there are these mysterious fortresses that have been left behind.
These foundations to what looks to be like an old castle or looks to be some kind of old citadel. And what’s interesting is that the natives in this area often said, “Well, we didn’t build these.” In fact, the people who built these were called the Moon-Eyed People. What’s also curious is that many of these fortresses, when you look at their layout and you actually map them out, they actually line up to the castle back home in Wales that Maedoc was born in.
And so it’s quite possible that when Maedoc came here, he actually built fortresses with he and his followers, and they left behind those clues for us centuries later.
Not only that, but it’s very curious too when you look at the Cherokee. The Cherokee referred to who built those fortresses. In fact, their chief, Okonostotah, who we’ll talk about later this year, actually referred to a man by the name of Madoc, who was a chief, as he called him, who founded those fortresses.
All this led to a man by the name of George Catlin. He was a painter. He was an illustrator. And in the 1800s, George Catlin decided that he would travel west and he would actually see if he could find out some solutions to this whole mystery of Madoc.
And so George Catlin went and he found a group of a tribe of natives called the Mandan tribe, which you might recognize because Lewis and Clark had encounters with them as well.
And Catlin interviewed all of these different Mandan natives. He asked them things like what their name was, he asked them to tell a little bit about their background and so forth, and he found a few curious things.
For one, he discovered that several of them had fair skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes, which are common features of some of the Welsh people.
He also found that several of them had the name Maidoc, or a variation of the name Maidoc. And if that wasn’t curious enough, they built a strange little boat, which we would probably call a coracle, and they built it by taking various twigs or various long sturdy branches, bending them in hot water, making a frame, and then covering the whole thing with a buffalo hide.
You might have seen that in a museum, or you might see something like this, because Lewis and Clark also reported about these things. But what George Kalin found very curious was that the same type of boat structure, or the same type of coracle, as those are properly called, are also built by the Welsh.
And so he took that to be evidence that the Welsh probably were indeed over here long before Columbus. Before we move on to the next people group and some of the evidences, I’ll mention one more thing about the Welsh. This is another kind of curious legend. We have very little to go off with this legend, but there are tales told by some of the people who knew Christopher Columbus that he had a map he was working from when he first sailed over here in 1492.
Now we don’t know entirely certain if this is true, but some of the tales say that in the sea that we call the Gulf of Mexico, that Columbus had that labeled, and probably would have been in Latin, or some ancient language.
But they say that that labeling said, here be Welsh waters. And so whether or not all this is true, it’s hard to say. But you have to remember, history is not a science. History is really an art. And it’s not so much, did this actually happen this way that we’re interested in? It’s really, why did this happen? What drove these men? What about these men can we imitate and what can we learn from? Finally, we have the Vikings. And out of all of the peoples I’ve mentioned in this video, the Vikings are the ones who have the most evidence about them. After all, if you look or research what you can find throughout eastern Canada, or what you can find as far south as places like Maine, or on the islands of Newfoundland or Nova Scotia, there have been recorded and reported many archeological digs where they have found foundations to old Viking towns or foundations to old Viking churches.
‘Cause you remember, they built 14 churches that we know of over here in the New World. They also, of course, left behind the things that they would have used on a daily basis, things like pottery, things like remainders of tools or furniture or coins.
And so we’ve uncovered lots of this over the centuries. In fact, one of the most interesting things we ever found was in 1982, they discovered in shallow waters. Why it hadn’t been discovered before, it’s hard to say, but they discovered in shallow waters off the coast of Cape Cod in Massachusetts. They found pretty much an intact Viking Drakkar. That’s one of those Viking ships you sometimes see with a dragon head on it, only this one was in such good shape that it still had some of the paint left on it.
So we have lots of evidence that these people were over here. We have lots of evidence that there was a lot of activity over here prior to Columbus coming. So we have to keep this in mind when we interpret this history, that people came over here for centuries. And they came over here often for reasons that had nothing to do with gold and nothing to do with greed. But we’ll talk about Christopher Columbus, the most famous of these explorers, the one who we all know in our next lesson.